(en) Turkey, Anarchist Federation DAF - Meydan #22 - Discussion of Anarchist Economics (11): Historical Roots of Solidarity-Cooperative Economics and Practice Initiatives (tr)

[machine translation]

Solidarity economy known until it reaches the origin of the text published in the 1800s. 
Kropotkin's "The Conquest of Bread" book reveals the best of the best, sharing and 
solidarity principles imagination of organized society; After the "Mutual Assistance" with 
the name of the book he wrote; that, how's life were revealed for all subjects is a 
natural instinct. ---- Unfortunately, today, we see that the concept of Solidarity Economy 
target of capitalism's inclusion strategy, just like the concept of cooperatives. Although 
the Cooperative Solidarity Economy in history, free restructuring in which they play an 
active role in the experience of life is fairly dangerous distortions faced with today. 
United Nations General Assembly in 2012 the "Year of Cooperatives" by declaring these 
distortions had demonstrated the most pronounced.

Previously Square 21st Century Theory and Practice of Surrender from the series of 
articles under the title of the newspaper article, many NGOs capitalism Trojan projects 
realized we deciphered. For years we have described as the Trojan horse of the said NGOs 
"which foresees opposition formed against injustice created by the system, and to create 
self-deactivation of intimate struggle", we see that the common denominator of the 
invention. In this context, capitalism in the commands 'private sector' state-led 'public 
sector' in the face of a 'third sector' is described as the Solidarity Economy and one of 
the applications to be exposed to cooperative Trojan horse attacks are becoming clearer.

Hardens with Greece Economic Crisis in 2011; The European Commission, the European Central 
Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have pushed for many oppressed in the 
pressure Greece society created by the troika Self-organizing experience, repeatedly 
coming up with squats, with the occupied factory, brought together the collective 
production and sharing, pave the way for an organized society .

Chryssanth the Petropoulou penned that "Greece Alternative Collective Networks in Urban 
and Solidarity-Cooperative Economy Exploring Theoretical Origin of the article titled" 
although academic study though life shed light on the claim hosts in a fairly remote 
character from other academic texts. Greece has implemented activities in the region and 
this research is still in the ongoing hundreds of collective struggle is analyzed, it 
tried to evaluate the practical experience, it is a theoretical text in practice produced 
Square , taking into account as a newspaper, we want to move our readers agenda.

Quite extensive with Greece as details of special moves in this study due to their experi- 
enced, although we have considered a restricted part ?nemsesek also too long due to all of 
the research published in our newspaper.

The article "Solidarity-Cooperative Economy Historical Origins and Application 
Initiatives" because of a third part of the earth's many geographies in the experience of 
assessment and an overview of the supply angle that could pave the way for further 
discussion on this issue should be considered as a basic starting point for this concept.

Solidarity-cooperative foundations of the economy, based on the existence of 
pre-capitalist formations that even though they lost in the century (1), has been examined 
theoretically in the so-called utopia of the nineteenth century (2). These currents of 
thought as critics of the Industrial Revolution was formed by the two mainstream adopters 
(3): Someone in the happiness of mankind material wealth disappear in the search for the 
state of the individual to society and glorified. Other current, although on a certain 
material welfare required, happiness, human beings are free sep effected primarily the 
result and any ethical rules of that freedom or advocate can not be sacrificed to the 
interests of the state (4). This paper examined the collective emerged with different 
purposes, though they also seem most affected by this particular idea.

The roots of the Solidarity-cooperative economy, after the Industrial Revolution in Europe 
and America also possible to see in widespread forms of organization of social movements. 
Workplaces and especially these movements emerged in the industry, then moved to the city 
from production areas. Some milestones that occur in this process are as follows: 
Capitalism 1840'ta the first so-called experimental utopian communities in the aftermath 
of the crisis and the development of the first co-operative movement, the Paris Commune in 
1871, thriving communities, after the Mexican Revolution in 1910, the formation stage of 
the Soviet Union in Central Europe businesses collectives trials, Spanish Revolution 
(1936-1939) the anarchist-libertarian communes, 2 in Yugoslavia after World War II, 
solidarity economy structures in the first phase of the revolution in Cuba and China, 
solidarity structures that support the liberation theology in Latin America, the US ' also 
Malcolm X (1952-1963) and Panthers (1966-1968) movements, anti-violence movement in India 
and many others. The practice of self-management in the city and defeat suffered most for 
eliminating exploitation of man by man trial. However, they did not trigger new 
experiments to future generations to liberate humanity (5) and "cracks" in this so-called 
creative resistance has launched a huge debate on progress in (6).

The 20th century, many post-modern projects that emerged in mid-1968 was quite similar to 
the riot affected. These riots, he embraces multiple disciplines and new social movements: 
the women's movement, the ecology movement, sexual liberation movement, the student 
movement, the labor movement from the base, the urban movements, movements of the 
unemployed and so on. (7). As shown by many studies (8), since the 1960s, they multiply 
using the structure of collective solidarity economy alternative. Between 1980 and 1990, 
were swallowed up by the system through most of this collective state aid or major 
sponsorships. Others have remained faithful to the tradition of self-organization.

In 1995, all these movements and initiatives have yet to meet in public debate, and some 
even seemed to have serious disagreements between (9). Usually they're isolated in a 
particular region or a particular subject matter in the relevant field and field meeting 
was taking place in this narrow scale. The first joint venture discussions in 1996, 
Southeast Lacandon jungle in Mexico, the Zapatista movement was performed by the First 
Intergalactic who call date. Then, the forward movement is followed by the movement 
mentioned above:

o In 1999, the movement against the World Trade Organization in Seattle and the subsequent 
anti-globalization movement (10),
o forum of indigenous movements in Latin America and forums in other parts of the world (11)
o Global social forums and the alternative globalization movement (12 ) and,
o occurring in Europe recently "self-management meetings" (13)
o And other coordination activities.
In those days, under the conditions of globalized capitalism creates all disciplines 
around the world and embracing all forms of organization, multiple resistance i can 
organize together with communication networks, revises the importance of regionalism 
again. Resistance s through networking Glocal (glocal) are qualifying (14): Today's 
Zapatista movement (since 1994 in Mexico), homeless people MST movement in Brazil, mothers 
in Argentina movement and the occupied factories movement, many movements in Bolivia 
(Cochabamba movement), Venezuela ("mission to" transform the collective structures called, 
the CECOSESOL), the many self-organization in Europe ("eco-communities" as well as 
Christiania, in MarinaL etc.), recent occurred as a result of the collective movement 
emerged in the US and all over the world (15).

As a result of the exploitation of man by man, and resisting the global capital of 
sovereignty, solidarity, cooperation and mutual assistance on the basis of collective 
functioning, can be seen as cracks in the existing system (6). "... Creative resistances, 
the social conditions of the people evaluating the depth of slavery rather than social 
structures that increase the possibilities of self-selection of an organized life. In 
other words, a new and special kind of socio-political movement, the ultimate aim of a 
radical social transformation activities that are compatible with the exit strategy "(16).

Creative resistance not only the historical roots of initiatives working to transform 
society through changes in daily life, the ecology movement in the continuous challenge to 
economic growth. The first "Solidarity - Cooperative Economics Alternative Festival" as 
stated in the report of what collective participating; "We know we are at the beginning of 
a very long journey. Synecdoche expanding, poverty and misery in which our brothers will 
try to exploit, we will stand against the populist and sadakac power ... We also know 
that, exploitation, injustice, a world based on the unlimited abundance of scam are living 
in the last moments. It made the world falling apart and now we need to upgrade, not only 
that I replace the existing blind; solidarity, cooperation and mutual assistance 
relationship is built tangible examples should be! ".

The article has examined the collective or joint end goals have features include:

- Political parties, be independent of the fascist organizations and small-to-medium-sized 
businesses.

- The economic support organizations and independent sponsors.

- Determination of meetings and decisions made by the base of the program activities (does 
not apply to permanent members must come together).

- Not only within the group, pointing out the events. Maintain a continuous presence in 
one or more regions.

- Banners, posters, show systematically to the internet or other media assets.

- Collective domestic mutual assistance and mutual solidarity.

- Establishing relations on an equal basis with other groups and stay in communication via 
the internet (18).

- Longing to break out of the system. Another world is longing for. Rejection - created 
cracks in the current system with the process of creating and reputation acquired in this 
way (6). That transforms the space within the city and gives new meaning to the actions, 
and in particular with the activities carried out in these cracks (6) created "poetry" 
craving (20). Now, at the moment, creating relationships with the seeds of another world 
on request (19).

Luxembourg 1, 1976, Marx, 1964, Kropotkin, 1955, Lambos, 2012
2. Polanyi, 1968
Mumford 3. 2003
4. Berneri, 1982
5. Hobsbawm, 2011
6. Holloway, 2010
Psimitis 7. 2006
8. Tilly 2004
9. Wallerstein, 2008
10th G8, World Trade Organization, etc.
11. http://zeztainternazional.ezln.org.mx/
12. http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/
13. http://www.foire-autogestion.org/
14. Koehler & Wissen, 2003; PETROPOULOU, 2012,
15. Stavrides 2010, Leontidou 2012
Varkarolis 16, 2012
17. Tilly, 2004
18. Castells, 2009
19. Carlsson and Manning, 2010
PETROPOULOU 20th, 2010

Translation: Trust Pandemic