Beyond the ballot box: Apoyo Mutuo in Spain By Mark Bray (fr)

 Beyond the ballot box: Apoyo Mutuo in Spain By Mark Bray
(fr) (a-infos-en@ainfos.ca)

Frustrated with the empty plazas and Podemos’ electoral politics, a new social movement 
has emerged seeking a return to the popular horizontalism of 15-M. ---- Four years ago 
this month, the 15-M movement, commonly referred to as the indignados, burst forth in 
Madrid’s Puerta del Sol. The movement united a wide variety of political factions and 
tendencies. It managed to gain momentum behind a widespread critique of the austerity 
measures of the two ruling parties (the PP and the PSOE, which many 15-M signs refer to 
collectively as the PPSOE) and a desire for “real democracy now!” (¡Democracia real ya!) 
embodied in directly democratic assemblies and a rejection of hierarchy.

In May 2014, Podemos surged onto the scene as a new political party that attempted to 
channel the popular democracy of the 15-M into the ballot box, winning five seats in the 
European parliament. Although Podemos claims to be the legitimate heir to the fading 15-M 
movement, Left critics have argued that the new party has hastened popular demobilization 
by selling the notion that social ills can be simply voted away and that this new party 
isn’t like the ones who came before it.

Leading up to the municipal elections on Sunday May 24, the party’s poll numbers are 
declining as party leadership has shied away from earlier promises to end home evictions, 
institute a guaranteed minimum income, and reduce the retirement age from 65 to 60.

As the media focuses on poll numbers, a new initiative called Apoyo Mutuo (Mutual Aid) was 
unveiled in Madrid on May 9 by social movement militants skeptical of the electoral path 
and seeking to return to the popular horizontalism of the 15-M. I spoke with Dilia Puerta, 
a “militant feminist and spokesperson of Apoyo Mutuo” about the motivations behind this 
new project and its aspirations moving forward.

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Mark Bray: What is Apoyo Mutuo? Can you tell us a little about its origins and development 
up to this point?

Dilia Puerta: The origin stemmed from the frustration we felt from seeing a large part of 
the energy that was mobilized with the 15-M — all of this collective questioning — flowing 
into electoral channels, leaving the streets and the plazas practically without activity. 
And all of this occurred while we and many other people from the social movements who 
didn’t identify with this shift felt like the train had left, leaving us behind.

At this moment the idea of writing a manifesto developed and that’s how the manifesto 
“Building a Strong Pueblo, to make another world possible” (Construyendo Pueblo Fuerte, 
para posibilitar otro mundo) [which set the stage for the creation of Apoyo Mutuo] came 
about. It’s a manifesto that put together a declaration of intentions and in a short time 
has hit 600 signatories. This was the impetus behind the creation of the organization.

We are a wide range of militants who have joined together individually to enrich ourselves 
mutually.

So is it a network or an organization or a federation?

For now it is a network of militants who are organizing themselves at a common level 
across the country, and it aspires to have groups at the territorial level that will join 
the initiative in the future.

The announcement of the creation of Apoyo Mutuo occurred a few weeks before the municipal 
elections. Obviously Podemos has been a controversial product of the 15-M. How do you see 
the influence of the 15-M and Podemos on the emergence of Apoyo Mutuo? Are you trying to 
respond to the popularity of Podemos to some extent?

The 15-M was a tremendous mobilizing force: in the Puerta del Sol people with very 
different perspectives on social struggle joined together and we all took shelter under 
the umbrella of “They don’t represent us” (“No nos representan”) which was already an 
accessible consensus since there was a palpable feeling of indignation from a pueblo that 
was tired of feeling swindled by the political class and was hitting the streets to 
protest. In these protests the need to organize ourselves emerged rapidly…

The people who had a clear electoral agenda had acted forcefully and with coordination 
while those who were reticent about electoral politics were left “paralyzed,” without 
knowing how to articulate a common discourse and an organization that could create space 
for all of these sensibilities. Apoyo Mutuo was born out of this self-criticism.

It is not a response to the popularity of Podemos; it is a parallel option since we can 
see that the neighborhoods and plazas have been thoroughly emptied out, because the sense 
of representation and hopefulness that people have felt with this new electoral proposal 
has resulted in fewer and fewer mobilizations in the streets. This generated uncertainty 
for us since we believe that politics cannot be limited to the election of representatives 
at the ballot box every four years. We can’t delegate our responsibility; as a pueblo we 
need to be active agents in the decision-making process.

At the presentation of Apoyo Mutuo in Madrid on May 9 one of the speakers read a quote 
from the Zapatistas saying, “we don’t say to vote, but neither do we say to not vote.” 
Similarly, in your manifesto it says:

We respect the comrades who before this same diagnosis are opting for the route of 
institutional participation through electoral initiatives, but we appeal to collective 
memory to emphasize that rights, conquests and great social transformations have never 
been given by the institutions. They were fought for and won in the streets, in the 
workplace, and in the neighborhoods. Our memory goes back far enough to remember that only 
a strong and combative pueblo can impose itself on the elites that govern us.

Could you comment briefly on your perspective on the elections? It seems to me that you 
aren’t organizing a campaign of active abstention. Has the “Other Campaign” of the 
Zapatistas been an influence on Apoyo Mutuo?

Voting or not voting doesn’t seem important or transcendent to us. What we want is for 
people to fight for their rights beyond election day, to create new forms of 
self-management, to debate, to join collectives so that as neighborhoods and as a pueblo 
we could be capable of giving articulate and convincing responses. It isn’t so important 
whether you vote or abstain, as long as you act conscientiously every other day.

And of course the Zapatistas are a reference. The “Other Campaign” has been an inspiration 
but we are still at an early stage.

Your values and the name ‘Apoyo Mutuo’ have a lot in common with anarchism, but you don’t 
use the word “anarchist.” Also, your images use colors like orange, blue, brown, green and 
purple rather than red and black. Can you tell us a little about your decision to present 
your initiative in this way? What is the image that you want to present to society?

First, it’s important to clarify that we are an organization of militants from different 
social movements (feminists, unionists, ecologists, housing activists, etc.) and that what 
we have in common, among other things, is that we don’t want to delegate politics to 
institutional channels. Certainly within the organization a good number of people have 
libertarian ideas, but we don’t want to be an organization of and for anarchists; we want 
to reach all of those people who believe that another way is possible.

There are other groups, federations, collectives and unions with similar values. Why is it 
necessary to create something new? Or rather, what is the difference between Apoyo Mutuo 
and other initiatives?

The goal isn’t to create a new collective, but rather to reinforce the networks that 
already exist (it isn’t an agglomeration but rather a coordination). We all have our own 
personal work in our collectives. We don’t want to overload ourselves [with another 
group], but rather mutually enrich ourselves by creating this space of confluence.

It’s a space to articulate very unusual alliances, along the lines of a proposal by María 
Galindo in her book “¡A despatriarcar! Feminismo Urgente!” (“To de-patriarchalize! Urgent 
Feminism!”). We need to escape from identitarian ghettos that asphyxiate ideas. Sometimes 
within these groups one forgets to “make ideology.” Instead the same slogans are just 
repeated and in so doing we forget to think. Only by creating “unusual alliances” can we 
create and actualize a discourse for the 21st century: one where unionism enriches 
feminism, where feminism enriches anarchism, etc…

It’s vital that we create a political program and a common strategy that strengthens us 
because it’s more than proven that unity creates power.

And finally what do you have planned over the coming months? What are the next steps?

We’ve gotten a very positive reception with people from all over the country interested in 
Apoyo Mutuo. There is a high demand for presentations about this new initiative all over 
Spain and in principle organizing such presentations is one of our short-term goals so 
that comrades will know about us and get involved.

Also along that line in Madrid we are organizing open assemblies to present our proposals 
to people who come and are interested and to respond to their doubts. Also, at the end of 
June we will organize a national meeting with Apoyo Mutuo members from different regions 
to start to create a common political program.

As a pueblo we need to go on the offensive and be a real, current, and conscientious 
political actor. We’ve already been on the defensive for many years, trying to protect the 
rights that we have gained while struggling, the rights that the political class 
continually snatches from us while ignoring us. Creating a social consciousness is a 
political objective.