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zaterdag 25 september 2021

#WORLD #WORLDWIDE #FRANCE #Haiti #ANARCHISM #News #Journal #Update - (en) #France, #UCL #AL #318 - Haitian Revolution: In #Paris, parliamentarians run behind events (ca, de, it, fr, pt)[machine translation]

 It took four to six months for the news to cross the Atlantic. And that the

evolution of the balance of power in Santo Domingo has repercussions on the
debates in the Assembly. The reverse was less true ... ---- In May 1789, the
Estates General opened the era of parliamentary arenas in France. The powerful
colonial lobby was contested there by an anti-slavery minority ... Until the
slave insurrection settled the debate. ---- The pro-slavery lobby. Within it, two
sensibilities, separated by a trade dispute: on the one hand the first deputies
of Santo Domingo, white settlers demanding more power in the definition of
customs rules ; on the other hand the Massiac hotel club, representing
shipowners, port traders and owners residing in France, opposing this
"autonomism". The Massiac club, more powerful, more informed, could count on
influential deputies like Barnave and Lameth, and on an ideologue very familiar
with the realities of Domingo: Moreau de Saint-Méry. After the abolition of
slavery in 1794, the club was banned and its members prosecuted.

Antiracists and abolitionists. Some deputies were members of the Society of Black
Friends, founded in 1788: Brissot, Mirabeau, Abbé Grégoire, Lafayette,
Condorcet... They relied on the Declaration of Human Rights of 1789 to claim the
civil rights of Blacks and Mulattoes free. They also argued for a ban on
trafficking, which they believed would lead to the gradual extinction of slavery.
This last idea, which passed for advanced in 1789-1790, was to be completely
overcome as soon as the slave revolt raised the question of immediate "general
freedom".

Procrastination. Until the turn of 1792, the majority of deputies listened to
each other, without a definitive opinion, alternating advances and setbacks.
Thus, in May 1791 they voted civic equality for the free Mulattoes of the second
generation ; in September they revoked the decree. The slave insurrection changed
everything. It was necessary to close the ranks of the free, by granting civic
equality to the free of color: this was the law of April 4, 1792.

After the civic equality law of April 4, 1792, deputies of color were elected to
the National Assembly.
Drawing by Jean-Baptiste Lesueur / Carnavalet museum
Abolition. In August 1793, cornered, the republican authorities in Santo Domingo
proclaimed "general freedom", in the hope of rallying the mass of enslaved
Africans. Six months later, in Paris, the Convention, dumbfounded, listened to
the three new deputies from Santo Domingo - a White (Dufay), a Mulâtre (Mills)
and a Black (Belley) -, freshly disembarked, recount the course that had taken
the events in the colony. The deputies then voted, unanimously and to
acclamation, the abolition of slavery in all the French colonies. It was February
4, 1794, in one of those moments of euphoria of which the Convention had the
secret, mixing nobility of ideals and well-understood interests: "It is today
that the English is dead. " , Congratulated Danton.

Republican playing cards, celebrating the abolition of slavery in 1794.
"Equality of color", "equality of rank". BNF
Suites. Thanks to a royalist resurgence, the colonial lobby was reconstituted in
the parliamentary assemblies of the Directory (1795-1799) around Villaret-Joyeuse
and Vaublanc who, in May 1797, uttered a violently racist and pro-slavery
diatribe. In front of them stood the multicolored group of deputies from the
colonies, including Belley, General Laveaux, Sonthonax and Mentor, Dessalines'
future aide-de-camp.

Reaction. Bonaparte's coup d'état at the end of 1799 put an end to
parliamentarism. The legislative body, whose deputies were selected by the
government, was only a registration chamber. In spite of this, on May 20, 1802,
there were still 63 deputies out of 274 to vote against the reestablishment of
slavery.

Guillaume Davranche (UCL Montreuil)

https://www.unioncommunistelibertaire.org/?Dossier-Revolution-haitienne-A-Paris-les-parlementaires-courent-derriere-les
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