WORLD WORLDWIDE FRANCE - news journal UPDATE - (en) France, OCL CA #337 - Briefs from the eco 337 (ca, de, fr, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]

Every year, there are 1.4 million job creations and almost as many
destructions. Merchant companies employed more than 16 million employees
(excluding temporary workers) as of December 31, 2020. From 2017 to
2019, the number of jobs increased, it decreased in 2020 (health
crisis). Job flows are particularly high among small businesses in
commerce, construction, catering or business services. ---- Small and
medium-sized businesses account for the majority of job creation and
destruction (62%), although they account for less than half of total
employment (46%). Among SMEs, microenterprises (19% of total employment)
are at the origin of 37% of job flows, approximately as much as the
whole group composed of intermediate-sized enterprises, large
enterprises and multinationals under foreign control (respectively 18%,
24% and 12% of employment). This means that in fact employment is more
precarious in micro-enterprises (you knew that, but it confirms).
Micro-enterprises more often employ their salaried workforce on
fixed-term contracts (CDD) or limited contracts (apprenticeships,
internships, etc.): 18%, compared to 11% for all companies. Employees
also work part-time more often (22%, compared to 15% overall).
Source: INSEE premiere n°1974, 11/23/23

In 2021, in mainland France, the median standard of living of people
living in ordinary housing was 1,930 euros. To calculate the standard of
living, we weight the income to arrive at an equivalent standard of
living with that of a single person. Translation: half of us had the
same standard of living as a single person who earned less than 1930
euros per month, the other half with a single person who earned more.
INSEE considers, for example, that a couple with a child who earns 3,474
euros per month has the same standard of living as a single person who
earns 1,930 auros. 9.1 million people lived below the monetary poverty
line, or 1,158 euros per month for a single person in 2021.
The resumption of activity in 2021 was accompanied by an increase in
labor income and dividends received by households, more marked for the
wealthiest households whose standard of living is increasing. The
minimum standard of living of the 5% wealthiest households increases by
5.6% before redistribution and by 4.5% after redistribution (taking into
account taxes and social contributions). On the other hand, the
non-renewal of exceptional solidarity aid paid in 2020 in connection
with the health crisis has weighed on the living standards of the
poorest households which are decreasing in 2021. It should be remembered
that the revaluation of aid is taking place based on inflation from the
previous year and not the current year. The poverty rate increases by
0.9 points in 2021, from 13.6% to 14.5%. The intensity of poverty is
also increasing, going from 18.7% in 2020 to 20.2% in 2021. The poverty
rate is the percentage of poor people. The intensity of poverty is how
poor we are: half of the poor received 18.7% less than the poverty line
in 2020, 20.2% in 2021.
The main indicators of inequality in living standards are up sharply in
2021, after having reduced slightly in 2020. The 20% wealthiest people
receive 38.3% of the total mass of living standards, a proportion very
close to that held in 2018 but higher than that of 2019 and 2020. At the
bottom of the distribution, the most modest 20% receive 8.6%, a share
lower than that observed in recent years (around 9%). Thus, the former
perceive a cumulative mass of living standards 4.5 times greater than
the latter.
In 2021, the poverty rate of the unemployed increases by 1.9 points to
reach 35.1%, while that of employed people increases by 0.5 points and
stands at 7.4%. Among employed people, the poverty rate of the
self-employed falls (-0.9 points), while that of employees increases
(+0.7 points). The median standard of living of retirees falls by 1.1%
in constant euros in 2021. This is due to inflation which is increasing
faster than pensions, but also to the drop in the pension level of new
retirees.
France is emerging from the Covid episode in 2021 with a poverty rate
higher than when it entered it.
Source: INSEE premiere n°1973, 11/14/2023

In 2022, an employee in the private sector earned on average 2,630 euros
net per month in full-time equivalent. With the resurgence of inflation,
the average net salary decreased in constant euros: -1.0%. This decline
is the strongest observed over the last twenty-five years (excluding the
health crisis). Half of employees in the private sector received less
than 2,091 euros net per month in full-time equivalent. This is the
difference between average salary and median salary. 10% of employees
earned less than 1436 euros, and 10% more than 4162 euros. In 2022, only
the purchasing power of the lowest salaries was maintained, due to the
increases in the minimum wage in line with inflation, so that salary
disparities have decreased.
Women earned on average 14.1% less than men in full-time equivalent
compared to 20.9% in 2008.
Source: Insee Première No 1971, 08/11/2023

In 2022, more than four out of ten French companies will organize
meetings via the Internet, a little less than in the entire European Union.
Remote access to professional tools is very widespread in France:
two-thirds of companies provide at least some of their employees with
access to professional messaging as well as company documents and
software. business, a little more than in the European Union. In fact,
the most common is remote access to professional messaging (9 out of 10
companies). In this case, it is not necessarily teleworking but often
the intrusion of work into the home outside of working hours.
Insee Première No 1969, 05/10/2023

At the end of 2022, national economic assets amounted to 20,052 billion
euros in France, or 9.5 times the net domestic product of the year. GDP
corresponds to income, assets to accumulated wealth (real estate,
businesses, savings, etc.). The price of land having decreased very
slightly, this slows down the growth of this heritage (since the same
properties are worth a little less). Household wealth has stabilized (a
little less than 15 trillion euros). On the other hand, corporate assets
increased (by 18.3%). Public debt decreased by 10.4% in market value,
while it increased by 4.5% for Maastricht debt, measured in nominal
value. Well yes, we can measure debt in several different ways.
Maastricht is not necessarily the most realistic way.
Source: Insee Première No 1967, 09/20/2023

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