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vrijdag 24 september 2021

#WORLD #WORLDWIDE #FRANCE #HAITI #News #Journal #Update - (en) #France, #UCL #AL #318 - Dossier Haitian Revolution: Aimé Césaire's perspective on "agrarian caporalism" (ca, de, it, fr, pt)[machine translation]

 A man of letters and Leninist from Martinique, Aimé Césaire (1913-2008) devoted

several writings to Haiti, including a play, La Tragédie du roi Christophe
(1963), and a historical study, Toussaint Louverture. The French Revolution and
the colonial problem (Présence africaine, 1960), from which these few paragraphs
are taken. ---- Because Toussaint was aware of the imminence of war and the
extent of the danger, everything that was likely to reduce or paralyze local
production became an enemy. Enemy, absenteeism of owners. Enemy, the influx into
the cities of the rural population. Enemies, indolence and laziness. Enemy
finally, this fragmentation of land that some advocated, but which, however
justified it was, could only immediately result in a vertiginous drop in
production and the abandonment of the cultivation of export products.

There, Toussaint was going against the tide and he knew it. All the peasantry in
the world know "the hunger of the earth". But Toussaint was holding on.[...]

But to renovate the economy, it took more than the land: hard work, hard work,
and specialists. The specialists, where to find them? They were all white; former
settlers, owners, or former managers.[...]

Unfortunately, if Toussaint's ideas were good, his method was less so. The most
delicate problem for a revolutionary is that of the connection with the masses,
there needs to be flexibility, invention, a sense of the human being always
awake. And that's where Toussaint was fishing. Waging war night and day, military
deformation lay in wait for him, which is mechanism and schematism. He fell
there. He stopped inventing, contenting himself with applying to any new
situation the military scheme he had ended up developing.

Was the social situation worrying? The serious economic situation? He thought he
could solve everything by militarizing everything. This is where he got lost. If
the connection with the masses is the connective tissue of the revolution, his
was sclerosing. He was no longer persuading. He decreed.[...]

It was easy to say to Toussaint[about his cultivation regulations of October
1800]: "This is the return of old forms of work. It is in fact the return to
slavery."[...]

It is not enough that a slogan is correct. And undoubtedly the concern[...]for
the economic recovery of Santo Domingo was right. But we must succeed in making
it more than a watchword. We must succeed in making it live in the consciousness
of the masses. In short, corporalization compromises mobilization. And this is
where Toussaint failed. The best sign of this failure is that it had to resort to
repression. In Plaisance, Marmelade, Limbé, Dondon, around Cape Town, everywhere,
the peasants rose up.[...]The revolt was put down[...]. But the warning was
serious for Toussaint. On the eve of a decisive game, there had appeared, and
most serious, a crack in the system.

https://www.unioncommunistelibertaire.org/?Dossier-Revolution-haitienne-Le-regard-d-Aime-Cesaire-sur-le-caporalisme
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