WORLD WORLDWIDE ARGENTINA News Journal Update - (en) Argentina, FORA, Organizacion Obrera #99: THE NEW BUSINESS TRAPS AFTER THE LABOR REFORM (ca, de, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]

 The latest labor reform has had results that, despite our distrust in

the political class, we have to describe as positive. Permanent hiring
has risen from the usual 10% to 48% last April. The number of contracts
has decreased by one million from the two million that were signed
during a month prior to the reform. Contracts of less than seven days
have been reduced by 38.3% since August 2019. But these data have their
shadows:
Fewer hours of work are paid. According to the figures known from the
SEPE, from January to August the number of part-time indefinite
contracts has multiplied by 3.5 compared to the same period in 2019.
This means that indefinite contracting increases but that the hours
worked and paid do not have why grow Being indefinite does not mean not
being precarious. Surely we all know colleagues in the hospitality
industry, known for breaches of contracts and hours actually worked. On
the other hand, discontinuous permanent contracts have increased by
8.5%, which are, in reality, part-time contracts "accumulated over the
year", as Miguel Ángel Malo Ocaña, professor of Economics at the
University of Salamanca, says.
Dismissals at zero cost within the trial period. The Ministry of Labor
offers data on the number of people who apply for unemployment benefits
after not having passed the trial period. From January to July they
added 24,480 people, 38% more than in the same period of 2021, but still
23.8% below 2019. And it is necessary to point out that the last reform
did not touch severance pay. This means that, in the Spanish state,
firing is still relatively cheap. There is no better measure to
guarantee job stability than to make dismissal difficult. And one of the
things that makes it most difficult is making it more expensive.
Temporary contracts still exist. The shortest employment contract
modality, 7 days, is penalized by the reform. The solution of the
companies has been to go to the next section, from 7 to 15 days.
Contracts for between one and two weeks total 639,417, 11% more than
last year and 0.5% more than before the pandemic.
Fired on Fridays and hired on Mondays. On August 1, there were 282,355
registrations in Social Security compared to 339,960 cancellations. On
the last day of the month, 320,052 people lost their jobs. Every Monday
the numbers of registrations and cancellations multiply by three those
of any other day. It continues to be hired for months or weeks.
As a result, we are going to make it more difficult for immigrants.
Right now you can only enter into a temporary employment contract with a
maximum duration of six months. Once finalized, the contract must become
indefinite. To obtain residence and work authorization due to social
roots, you must have a job offer of a minimum duration of one year.
Temporary offers are no longer an option (unless the activity is
agricultural). It is obvious that this change is a hard blow for all
those who are pending processing their residency.
Despite the latest reform, the situation of female workers in the
Spanish state does not improve. With inflation running amok, salaries
remain frozen. Working conditions have only improved slightly. In George
Orwell's novel '1984' - which was written in 1949, I add this note in
case Mr. Núñez Feijóo is a reader of this newspaper - a fraudulent
lottery system appears with the purpose of keeping the population happy.
Small prizes are distributed, but the 'Gorto' is never distributed. This
keeps the population of the lower stratum hooked on hope, appeases their
desire to rebel and makes them forget their miseries.

The objective of these reforms is the same. They give us small crumbs of
the cake and with that they make us calm down. We have the most
progressive government of democracy in Moncloa, we have a labor minister
with a Communist Party card and they have not been able to return our
45-day compensation. In addition, we have negotiating unions (CC. OO and
UGT) that seem to follow the maxim of enlightened despotism: "Everything
for the people, but without the people." They achieve small advances
that cause a large part of those affected to remain numb and grateful.

Combative unions like the CNT have to send the message that, with their
reforms, things are not getting better. For some it is better. For the
majority, no. According to the World Inequalities Laboratory, 10% of the
population accumulates 76% of global wealth, while the poorest half of
the population only owns 2%. In Spain, according to the EAPN-ES, the
grouped income of the richest 10% of society multiplied by 11.8 that of
the poorest 10% last year.

Another front that affects us: the climate crisis. We do not all suffer
from heat waves and 'filomenas' equally. The Carlos III Health Institute
recorded 360 deaths attributable to high temperatures in the first six
days of the heat wave that affected the Spanish state this year. A
60-year-old street sweeper died in Vallecas. His daughter stated: "I
know he was aware that this could happen to him, but he did it because
he wanted to get a long contract. I'm convinced that he didn't stop
cleaning that street until he passed out. He would think that they were
not going to renew him and he was giving everything to prove that he was
worth it. At 60 years old he had a temporary contract. If we review
history, we can see that enlightened despotism, despite itself, led to
the expansion of enlightened ideas. These ideas were the fuse that lit
the Revolution of 1789, which ultimately pursues what all revolutions
do: a more just society. Then came the storming of the Bastille. And
then heads started rolling.

https://organizacion-obrera.fora.com.ar/2023/09/04/las-nuevas-trampas-empresariales-tras-la-reforma-laboral/
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