Hammas' anti-colonial offensive against the State of Israel triggered aseries of events in the Middle East, which could extend to North Africaand Central Asia. We observed a series of positions, from alwaysdefending the USA and the European Union to the State of Israel, somedifferent positions in European countries, such as Spain and Ireland,and criticism from Latin American executives of Hammas' actions andIsrael's response. Several political groups on the Brazilian left alsotook a stand, all critical of the State of Israel, defending thePalestinian people, but with wavering positions regarding Hammas and itstactics. The fact is that with its action, Hammas took these operationsinto the colonial State, reaching around 300 to 500 soldiers in totalkilled by the group, and changing the scenario of Palestinianresistance, the Palestinian National Authority (ANP), the State ofIsrael and normalization agreements with Arab countries, such as thesuspension of the agreement with Saudi Arabia. It was one of the biggestactions of Palestinian resistance suffered by Israel, which placed thefar-right coalition government of Benjamin Netanyahu in a weakenedposition and once again the two-state agenda returns to the politicalagenda, which is contrary to the position of Israel and the settlerswhich today are a main base of political support for the currentcoalition in governmentZionism and Territorial Occupation of Palestine: Israel's ColonialismAs well as a result of the wave of nationalism that hit Europe, the 1stZionist Congress took place in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897. There thefoundations of this Jewish nationalist movement were established, whichdefined the importance of creating a Jewish State in Palestine . Sincethen, Zionist Jews have fought for international recognition. In thewords of Max Nordau, Zionist delegate, "Zionism seeks to establish ahome for the Jewish people guaranteed by public law", later changed to"by international law" by Theodor Herzl.This congress forwards the creation of a bank, a fund to carry out thecolonization of Palestine, the Jewish Colonial Trust, a financialinstrument for the purchase of land in Palestine. Already in the firstdecade of the 20th century, they began their territorial occupation ofPalestine, still timidly.In 1917, the British Foreign Secretary, Arthur Balfour, wrote a letteraddressed to Lionel Walter Rothschild, leader of the Jewish community inthe United Kingdom, which committed the British government to "establishin Palestine a national home for the Jewish people." . This letterbecame known as the Balfour Declaration. At the time, 90% of theterritory was occupied by Palestinian Arabs.The Palestinian people began to resist British colonialism and thegrowing occupation of Zionist Jews. In April 1936, the Arab NationalCommittee called on Palestinians to launch a general strike, withholdtax payments, and boycott Jewish products. The action was repressed bythe British, who began making mass arrests and demolishing the homes ofArab families as punishment.In 1937, the Palestinian peasant resistance movement responded toBritish repression and attacked the military forces in the country. Inlater years, British imperialism continued to attack Palestinians withmurders, arrests and destruction of homes. Zionist paramilitary groups,financed by the British, were formed to attack Palestinian resistance.With fascism, Nazi persecution and the intensification of anti-Semitismin Europe, this process accelerates.One day after the UN General Assembly approved the "Palestine partitionplan" (Resolution 181), Palestinians began an armed response to colonialinterference in their lands, the "Palestinian-Zionist war" in 47, stillwith the British invader protecting territorial occupation and conflict,while preparing its withdrawal from Palestine. Israel's victory beginsAl-Nakba, the Arab catastrophe and the exodus of the Palestinianpopulation from their lands. In 1947, when the UN established thepartition of Palestine, the Jews who held 7% of the territory now own56%. Almost 80% of the Palestinian people have been expropriated fromtheir homes and land.Israel proclaims its independence in 48, being immediately recognized bythe new US imperialism and the Soviet Union, under the direction ofStalin. Israel's declaration of independence in 48 began the"Arab-Israeli wars" of 48 to 49, an offshoot of the Palestinian-ZionistWar. This involves Israel's victory against a group of Arab countries,such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria and Egypt, which aredefeated and Israel occupies 70% of Palestinian territory.This war against colonization demonstrated Israel's ongoing alignmentwith the USA, with the obvious interest of having a loyal interlocutorin the region with the highest concentration of oil, completely loyal tothe European Union and the USA. It also demonstrated the limitations ofStalinism and the Third International by not positioning itselfcorrectly in the face of a clear situation of colonial occupation.The Sinai War in 1956 was a conflict over control of the Suez Canal andserved to strengthen relations between Israel, France and the UnitedKingdom. In 1956, the President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, restoredthe Suez Canal, which is extremely important for transporting goodsbetween the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, towards the Arabian Seaand the Indian Ocean. At this time, the Suez Canal was dominated byEngland. France also entered the conflict because it feared that Egypt'sinitiative would expand to other colonies in Africa. Both countries usedthe canal to access their colonies and for commercial purposes. The USSRthreatens to enter the conflict in favor of Egypt and the USA advisesIsrael, France and England to withdraw from Egypt. Israel's interferencein the conflict also served to reinforce Israel's dialogue with theother "capitalist Western empires".Other conflicts followed, such as the Six-Day War (1967) and the YomKippur War (1973), won by Israel, which led this State to seize theSyrian Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula. of Egypt,the West Bank of Jordan, and served to Israel expand its territory andstrengthen itself as an "alternative" to capitalist hegemony in theMiddle East in the context of the Cold War. In this context, Israeladvances its territories in Palestine and thus maintains the positionthat the only solution would be the two states according to the 1967borders.Intifadas, Fatah, PLO, Hamas and the Bakuninist position on Statism.FATAH, the Palestine National Liberation Movement, was founded in 1959by leaders such as Yasser Arafat as a nationalist and secular party thatfought for the liberation of Palestine from Israeli colonial occupation.It became the main Palestinian political force. Still in the 1960s,groups with a Marxist-Leninist orientation emerged, such as the PopularFront for the Liberation of Palestine (FPLP) and the Democratic Frontfor the Liberation of Palestine (FDLP), a Maoist, and the PalestinePeople's Party (PPP), in addition to pan-Arabist groupings, such as theBaathist Arab Liberation Front. This set of groups will be part of thePalestine Liberation Organization (PLO), formed in 1964, which will bean organization representing the Palestinian people fighting withguerrilla tactics to resist the Israeli colonial occupation and retaketheir occupied territories.It was during the first Intifada (Popular Uprising) that began in 1987that Hammas, linked to the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt, emerged, largelydue to the capitulation of Fatah in the 1980s, when it began to acceptthe existence of Israel, defending the existence of two states, Israeland Palestine, which culminated in the Oslo agreements (1993). Well, weunderstand that this position of capitulation, accepting loss ofterritory, without guarantee of autonomy, led several sectors ofPalestinian society to question Fatah and the PLO, starting to look foralternatives to the gap, the political vacuum left by these twoorganizations, even though the Maoist FDPL and the Baathists wereagainst the agreements organized by the Palestinian National Authority(ANP). It is important to highlight that Hammas himself was helped bythe Israeli government as a way of weakening the PLO and secular groups,both communists and pan-Arabists, and mainly FATAH.However, contrary to what left-wing sectors claim, Hammas is not onlynot revolutionary, it is not even progressive. It is a religiousfundamentalist group, Sunni, which claims an Islamic theocracy,therefore without religious freedom. Thus, imagining an unlikelyimmediate victory for Hammas and the defeat of Israel, it would tend toapply its Islamic fundamentalist program, with the suppression ofindividual freedoms and the construction of a theocratic state, justlike the Saud monarchy in Saudi Arabia. The State, whether secular ortheocratic, is not the solution.FATAH and ANP: Controlled by the United States and the European UnionIn practice, the Oslo agreements led to the expansion of Israeliterritory and the expansion of Israeli control and apartheid.Furthermore, it caused the PLO and mainly FATAH to be domesticated andbegin to collaborate with the State of Israel in the West Bank, which ispartly controlled by the ANP and two other parts by Israel, with thecity of Jenin being the main bastion of resistance in the West Bank.region, as it is not controlled by the ANP.Between 2000 and 2005, the Second Intifada began after Ariel Sharon'sprovocation to visit the Temple Mount in East Jerusalem, occupied byIsrael, one of the main holy sites of Islam.The situation of control of the ANP by Israel, the EU and the USA becameeven more open when Hammas won the 2006 elections, which caused the EU,USA and Russia to suspend aid to the ANP. Hammas and FATAH still formeda coalition government with a view to allowing their own Islamic groupto enter the PLO, however with international pressure to cut ANPresources, Mahmoud Abbas' group planned a coup that led to conflictbetween two groups, with expulsion of Hammas from the West Bank andcausing Hammas, which had accepted the Two-State proposal, to expelFatah from Gaza. Since then, Israel has turned the Gaza Strip into aghetto and is advancing into West Bank territory. A situation thatcontinues to this day with repeated Israeli attacks on Gaza and theadvance of colonies in the West BankIsrael and its Apartheid in the Second Cold Warhttps://uniaoanarquista.wordpress.com/2023/10/26/solidariedade-ao-corajoso-povo-da-palestina/_________________________________________A - I N F O S N E W S S E R V I C EBy, For, and About AnarchistsSend news reports to A-infos-en mailing listA-infos-en@ainfos.ca
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