We deliver to our readers the definition of Zionism (in The Anarchist
Encyclopedia) written in 1933 by E. Armand. ---- You can also read "Anti-Semitismand Zionism" written in 1900 by the ESRI (Socialist RevolutionaryInternationalist Students): ---- report presented to the InternationalRevolutionary Workers Congress in Paris. ---- It says: ---- "There are Jewishbankers, it's true; but do these bankers practice usury and fruitful bankruptcydifferently from non-Jewish bankers? There are heads of industry, Jewishcapitalists, it is still true; but do they have special procedures forconfiscating surplus value for their own benefit? We are the adversaries of thebourgeois and capitalist Jews, because they are bourgeois and capitalists, andnot because they are Jews; and likewise, we are the adversaries of Christians andof bourgeois and capitalist free thinkers, because they are bourgeois andcapitalists. We are members of an exploited class which revolts against anexploiting class... ".It is still relevant in 2021." ZIONISM nmThe thousand-year-old dream of the Israelites to reconstitute their homelandnever ceased to exist. However, Palestine only had a small number of Jews in the19th century, occupied as it was by Arabs. In 1825, there were only ten thousanddescendants of Abraham. Today, there is an abundance of colonies in Palestinerepresenting all kinds of tendencies: from individualism to communism to cooperation.In 1882, the first agricultural colony, in no way Communist, was founded near theport of Jaffa. It was brought out of distress by Baron Edmond de Rothschild who,interested in this attempt, created other colonies to allow his co-religioniststo settle in their country of origin. His program, which was in no way Communist,consisted of buying land and bringing in Jews who adapted to farming; then, thesehaving become experienced, he divided the land among them. Each became owner andindependent. About thirty colonies had thus been formed, all of them prosperous,but of little interest from a social point of view. Hired labor was employedthere, in preference to Jews, Arabs.As a result of the great war there was a dramatic change in the history of theZionist colonies. The English armies entered Jerusalem, under the leadership ofGeneral Allenby, on December 9, 1917. On November 2 of the same year, LordBalfour, then British Minister, in a letter to Baron de Rothschild, hadofficially declared that England " looked kindly on the establishment of theJewish National Home in Palestine and would make every effort to facilitate it ".This declaration caused the Jews, still awaiting the restoration of Zion, a greatelation, and gave a stronger impetus to the Zionist movement. Jews arrived fromall over the world and it was the birth of colonies, according to the type ofagrarian communities.Two national funds were created, one for general colonization, Keren Hayesod, theother for land purchase, Keren Kayemeth. The Keren Kayemeth bought land, butunlike what had happened in the colonies of Baron de Rothschild, these estateswere never alienated. The colonists could only become concessionaires, notowners. And this for various reasons: religious reason. According to the Bible,"the land will not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine, saith the Lord",the land must remain common "to all the children of God", it cannot be sold orsold. object of purchase. It should therefore remain in the hands of the samefamily. The crops alone could be sold and only in the period between twojubilees, that is to say every forty-eight years,when the land had to revert toits owner. The idea of the inalienable land is common to all primitivecivilizations. It was still found in the Russian mir system. But if all the landsare constituted as national property, it is with the aim that all of Palestinewill one day return to the Israelites and that the Kingdom of Israel bereconstituted.There is still an economic reason. The Jewish national fund will benefit from thesurplus value of the land which is general in all countries where the populationis growing (and not the owners). Its income will increase with each revision ofthe leases and it will be a sufficient budget for the State. Through this system,the Keren Kayemeth retains a right of perpetual control over the colony forquestions of sanitation and development. Finally, this prevents the settler, whowas poor on his arrival, from paying the sum necessary to purchase land. He onlyhas a low rent to pay. The place of choice for Jewish settlements is the valleythat stretches from Lake Tiberias to the Gulf of Haifa (Jaffa), the plain ofJezrael. It is also found in the plain of Saron.The national fund groups the settlers together so that they can exploit a fairlylarge estate. Each family cultivates its lot without employing hired labor. Atpress time, the settlers lend each other their assistance. Freedom oforganization is absolute. We also find colonies of the individualist type (thosefounded by Rothschild), colonies of the communist type, and those of thecooperative type.As a cooperative colony, let us quote Nahalai: it is arranged in such a way thatfamilies have recourse to collective services, among others to obtain thenecessary water. There are associations for the sale of tobacco, which is one ofthe great products of Palestine, for the execution of many works: planting,drainage, irrigation, road construction, etc.As a colony where communism is practiced, the best known is Nuris. Everything isthere in common: work of men and women, accommodation, dining, children who arebrought up by the care of the colony. The colony provides for all needs. Itsproduction is almost sufficient for its consumption and it consumes everything itproduces; it represents the self-sufficient type of closed economy colony. Whenshe needs the outside world, one of her delegates goes to a branch of the largePalestinian consumer cooperative: "Hamashbir", carries the product of her harvestthere, which is credited to the colony. , and the amount of the purchases isdebited. At the end of the year, a statement of its current account is sent tothe colony. There is a colony where the very clothes are in common.The childrenare there absolutely in common and do not belong, in any way, to their parents.Jewish colonization presents examples of energy that deserve attention. One canquote, among others, the clearing of the valley of Jezrael, place so unhealthythat all the attempts of clearing had failed, and that it offered, in 1920, onlya prospect of graves. From 1922 to 1923, bold pioneers accomplished thisconsiderable work of draining the marshes at the cost of arduous work.Another example of energy and achievement: the building of Tel Aviv - on an aridbeach - today, a flourishing city, with a few industries, a beach with a seriousfuture.Contrary to the ancient Israelite custom which maintains the woman in a dependentcondition, the Zionists wanted to associate the woman with their work, to assignto her a role equal to that of the man, in the work of the reconstruction of thefatherland. To make the woman, until then kept in ignorance, suitable for thesenew functions for her, a universal association of Zionist women was created: theWomen's International Zionist Organization, known under the name of Wizo. Hergoal was to train the Jewish woman to become a companion, a mother, a social value.An agricultural school for young girls was created in Nahalal in 1926, which isin full development. Other schools were founded, including schools of household art.If the Zionist movement represents an enthusiastic impetus for the resurrectionof a nation destroyed for thousands of years, from the economic point of view,there are many obstacles to its success. The Jews themselves, fearing that theywould be rejected from other countries, if there was a properly Jewish land, putup resistance. The Arabs are not prepared to give up their place, hence theclashes, which can sometimes degenerate into massacre between Jews and Arabs (andeven native Christians). On the other hand, the small size of Palestine preventsthe expansion of settlements. Finally, the colonists only support themselvesthanks to the subsidies provided to them by the Jews of the whole world. Theytherefore lack independence.A way has recently been found to open up new markets for the Zionist settlementsthrough the exploitation of chemicals from the Dead Sea, and the use of theJordan River as a driving force. Also, by examining the pros and cons, we can inno way pronounce on the future of Zionism which has just entered a new phase as aresult of the medieval persecutions of which the Israelites are currently theobject in Germany (1933). "- EASOURCE:Libertaire Jules-Durand Grouphttps://www.socialisme-libertaire.fr/2019/02/antisemitisme-et-sionisme.html_________________________________________A - I N F O S N E W S S E R V I C EBy, For, and About AnarchistsSend news reports to A-infos-en mailing listA-infos-en@ainfos.ca
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