In June 1996, Fiom held its 21st national congress in Rimini. It would
be the last of the general secretary Claudio Sabattini, but it would
leave a legacy in the programmatic contents of the metalworkers' union
that would be able to respond to the challenges of the neoliberal
policies launched in Italy after the concertation period. ---- The
agreements of 31 July 1992 and 23 July 1993 on income policy abolished
the sliding scale and defined a new contractual system based on two
levels, a national category contract and a company contract. On 22
December 1993, the Interconfederal Agreement was signed between
Confindustria Cgil, Cisl and Uil for the election of the Unitary Union
Representatives. For the category, the agreement was signed on February
2, 1994, followed by the National Collective Labor Agreement of July 5,
1994, between Federmeccanica - Assital and Fim, Fiom and Uilm.
The limits of these agreements become evident, the income policy reduces
wage growth, in the corporate sphere purchasing power is not recovered,
as Confindustria and Federmeccanica only support payments related to
corporate profitability, excluding productivity and quality. Then there
are attempts to wear down the national contract through the request for
a specific entry wage for the South.
Another fundamental aspect is the position of the union with respect to
the political system, rejecting the idea of a single union, Fiom goes
beyond the concept of autonomy from the bosses, the parties and the
government to define an independence through which to build a cultural,
political and social autonomy and a new union entity that is unitary and
at the same time pluralist. Concertation must not be the aim of union
action, but a method to reach negotiated agreements. Union conflict must
have a role of social regulation and mediation of different interests.
On the organizational level, the regional becomes the second instance of
the Fiom, the model becomes polycentrism and what remains of a
hierarchical and bureaucratic conception of the union is abandoned.
An aspect of a different vision concerns the issue of pensions, in June
1995 a referendum is held among workers on the agreement reached between
the Government and the confederal unions. Although it is rejected by the
mechanics category, the way is paved for law 335 of 8 August 1995 which
reforms the entire system. An agreement on a complementary integration
system for the category will also be signed on 10 March 1997 (Cometa
Fund). The renewal of the CCNL signed on June 8, 1999 will be difficult,
hypotheses are starting to be put forward regarding the redefinition of
the role of the union in the contractual sphere and its presence in
companies.
From the XXII congress, held in Rimini in January 2002, and the XXIII,
held in Livorno in June 2004, up to the XXIV, held in Montesilvano in
February 2006, Fiom will be led by Gianni Rinaldini.
In July 2002 the "Pact for Italy" is signed between the Government, the
Employers' parties and Cisl and Uil. The Cgil contests the agreement for
the amendments to article 18 of the Workers' Statute (law 300/70) with a
widespread mobilization until 2003.
In the metalworkers there are repercussions due to the conclusion of the
renewal of the National Labor Contract. There will be two agreements.
The separate one is signed by Fim, Uilm, Federmeccanica and Assital on
the economic level. According to Fiom, the mechanisms of the two
previous contracts and a unitary regulatory part signed on May 7, 2003
are not respected. Fiom will recover on the wage level with a series of
company "Pre-contracts". Another unitary conclusion will follow with the
National Collective Labor Contract on January 20, 2008, between
Federmeccanica and Fim, Fiom and Uilm.
The global crisis, which has been redrawing the global balance of work
and production since 2008, brings to the surface the elements that in
the twentieth century reduced society to the sole productive function
and the world, in its social dimension, to a total factory.
From the XXV congress held in Montesilvano in April 2010 and the
subsequent XXVI congress held in Rimini in April 2014, the Fiom will
have Maurizio Landini as its general secretary.
The most difficult moment for the renewal of national contracts begins.
The one of October 15, 2009 and the one of December 5, 2012, where the
agreement is reached between Federmeccanica - Assital and Fim-Cisl and
Uilm-Uil, will be separated, without the signature of the Fiom. Social
alliances are sought to respond to the attempt to eliminate Fiom from
companies and a strategy that prevents counterproductive choices in
contractual struggles.
The situation becomes more complicated with the launch of the "Fabbrica
Italia" project by FCA and its exit from Confindustria, the first
specific contract for the Pomigliano d'Arco plant is signed on 15 June 2010.
It is the beginning of a structural change in production methods, team
projects, quality certification, Kanban setting, operational synergies
between different production units come forward, to arrive at the Wcm
and Ergo-Uas method that evaluates every single movement and the
workload possibilities according to mathematical tables and defines the
exact work and rest times of the assembly line workers. The assembly
line is shortened, the processes along the line are eliminated,
communication between workers is increased, stocks are kept to a
minimum, quality control is carried out directly in the assembly phase
by trained teams or directly by workers, who become conductors of a
flexible and quality system.
The increase in the employment of self-employed workers in industry,
allowed by these production systems, has profound consequences, it
undermines the bond of belonging derived from the working-class
tradition and also leads to the disintegration of local economic
communities.
The referendums for the approval of the Fabbrica Italia Pomigliano
Agreement, on 22 June 2010, force the Fiom-Cgil to seek a union and
legal strategy to be able to carry out union activity even without
signing agreements with the company management.
Furthermore, in August 2011 the Government passes Legislative Decree no.
138/2011, with which article 8 modifies the subject of collective
bargaining, will then be converted into law no. 148/2011 which opens a
trade union and judicial dispute on the subsequent Fiat company
agreements that Fiom will be the only one to support.
The first level Specific Collective Labor Agreement, FCA, will be signed
on December 13, 2011, and the Memorandum of Understanding on the
Specific Discipline for the Auto Sector on December 22, 2011.
Another agreement that tends to redesign trade union relations are the
"Programmatic Guidelines for the Growth of Productivity and
Competitiveness in Italy", signed on November 21, 2012 by the
Government, all employers' organizations and the Cisl, Uil and Ugl
unions. In fact, a wage freeze implemented with new worsening indexation
indices.
In response to this situation, the Fiom-Cgil National Assembly of Cervia
(RA), on 10 and 11 January 2013, voted on the Metalworkers' Charter of
Claims. It contains an action plan to support contract renewal,
democracy and work. The separate contract of 5 December 2012 is
contested, which is considered binding only for the signatories but
without erga-omnes validity, as it violates the rules of the
Interconfederal Agreement on representation of 28 June 2011 and for Fiom
members and workers not registered with any union it conflicts with the
ultra-activity rule of the National Contract of 20 January 2008. A
campaign of claims is launched in companies in the sector to restore
union agility (also through new membership) wage integration, as the
cancellation of the point value of the separate contracts of 2009 and
2012 has not guaranteed purchasing power with a further drop in wages,
the right to negotiate working hours by the RSU and the right to payment
for the first three days of sick leave.
Based on article 28 of the Workers' Statute, in court Fiom obtains a
positive ruling from the Constitutional Court, no. 213 of 23 July 2013.
According to this ruling, which integrates art. 19 of the Statute, the
company union representation can also be constituted by those who do not
sign the contract, but have participated in the negotiations and have
the consent of the workers.
An important goal will be achieved such as the agreement for the renewal
of the Ccnl with Unionmeccanica-Confapi of 29 July 2013. The sole
signatory Fiom obtains confirmation of the role of the RSU in terms of
working hours, does not indicate derogations on the increases in minimum
wages and full economic treatment of the first three days of illness.
The transformations of the political framework do not change the trend
towards a profound revision of trade union rights. The delegation law of
10 December 2014, which takes up the decree law number 34 of 20 March
2014 and is implemented with legislative decrees voted in 2015, defines
new worsening provisions on the discipline of the illegitimate dismissal
of workers, employees and managers hired on a permanent basis,
abolishing the protections provided for by article 18 of law 300/70
(Statute of Workers' Rights) and laws 604/66 and 223/93. The Jobs Act
favors companies, effectively canceling reinstatement in the case of
illegitimate dismissal, even collective, and substantially modifies the
rules that governed compensation and conciliation.
The social and political framework is also articulated again at an
economic level, favoring the unitary renewal of the CCNL on November 26,
2016, signed by all the organizations involved in the negotiations.
On December 4, 2016, the Constitutional Referendum is voted on the
project to revise bicameralism, the reduction of parliamentarians, the
suppression of the Cnel and the revision of Title V of Part II of the
Constitution. The victory of the No helps to stabilize trade union and
social relations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: AA.VV. Grosso guaio a Mirafiori. Lavoro, industria e
democrazia nel nemico Fiat-Fiom, supplement to "il Manifesto", January
21, 2011, Rome; AA.VV. As long as there is struggle there is hope. Civil
society with the workers of Fiom, February 11, 2012, in "MicroMega",
bimonthly magazine, n.1, 2012, Rome; Giorgio Airaudo, The Solitude of
Workers, Einaudi, Turin, 2012; Giulio Marcon, The Union in a Changing
Italy, Edizioni e/o, Rome, 2024.
[Roberto Manfredini, October 20, 2024]
http://alternativalibertaria.fdca.it/wpAL/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Il-Cantiere-30-novembre-2024.pdf
_________________________________________
A - I N F O S N E W S S E R V I C E
By, For, and About Anarchists
Send news reports to A-infos-en mailing list
A-infos-en@ainfos.ca
be the last of the general secretary Claudio Sabattini, but it would
leave a legacy in the programmatic contents of the metalworkers' union
that would be able to respond to the challenges of the neoliberal
policies launched in Italy after the concertation period. ---- The
agreements of 31 July 1992 and 23 July 1993 on income policy abolished
the sliding scale and defined a new contractual system based on two
levels, a national category contract and a company contract. On 22
December 1993, the Interconfederal Agreement was signed between
Confindustria Cgil, Cisl and Uil for the election of the Unitary Union
Representatives. For the category, the agreement was signed on February
2, 1994, followed by the National Collective Labor Agreement of July 5,
1994, between Federmeccanica - Assital and Fim, Fiom and Uilm.
The limits of these agreements become evident, the income policy reduces
wage growth, in the corporate sphere purchasing power is not recovered,
as Confindustria and Federmeccanica only support payments related to
corporate profitability, excluding productivity and quality. Then there
are attempts to wear down the national contract through the request for
a specific entry wage for the South.
Another fundamental aspect is the position of the union with respect to
the political system, rejecting the idea of a single union, Fiom goes
beyond the concept of autonomy from the bosses, the parties and the
government to define an independence through which to build a cultural,
political and social autonomy and a new union entity that is unitary and
at the same time pluralist. Concertation must not be the aim of union
action, but a method to reach negotiated agreements. Union conflict must
have a role of social regulation and mediation of different interests.
On the organizational level, the regional becomes the second instance of
the Fiom, the model becomes polycentrism and what remains of a
hierarchical and bureaucratic conception of the union is abandoned.
An aspect of a different vision concerns the issue of pensions, in June
1995 a referendum is held among workers on the agreement reached between
the Government and the confederal unions. Although it is rejected by the
mechanics category, the way is paved for law 335 of 8 August 1995 which
reforms the entire system. An agreement on a complementary integration
system for the category will also be signed on 10 March 1997 (Cometa
Fund). The renewal of the CCNL signed on June 8, 1999 will be difficult,
hypotheses are starting to be put forward regarding the redefinition of
the role of the union in the contractual sphere and its presence in
companies.
From the XXII congress, held in Rimini in January 2002, and the XXIII,
held in Livorno in June 2004, up to the XXIV, held in Montesilvano in
February 2006, Fiom will be led by Gianni Rinaldini.
In July 2002 the "Pact for Italy" is signed between the Government, the
Employers' parties and Cisl and Uil. The Cgil contests the agreement for
the amendments to article 18 of the Workers' Statute (law 300/70) with a
widespread mobilization until 2003.
In the metalworkers there are repercussions due to the conclusion of the
renewal of the National Labor Contract. There will be two agreements.
The separate one is signed by Fim, Uilm, Federmeccanica and Assital on
the economic level. According to Fiom, the mechanisms of the two
previous contracts and a unitary regulatory part signed on May 7, 2003
are not respected. Fiom will recover on the wage level with a series of
company "Pre-contracts". Another unitary conclusion will follow with the
National Collective Labor Contract on January 20, 2008, between
Federmeccanica and Fim, Fiom and Uilm.
The global crisis, which has been redrawing the global balance of work
and production since 2008, brings to the surface the elements that in
the twentieth century reduced society to the sole productive function
and the world, in its social dimension, to a total factory.
From the XXV congress held in Montesilvano in April 2010 and the
subsequent XXVI congress held in Rimini in April 2014, the Fiom will
have Maurizio Landini as its general secretary.
The most difficult moment for the renewal of national contracts begins.
The one of October 15, 2009 and the one of December 5, 2012, where the
agreement is reached between Federmeccanica - Assital and Fim-Cisl and
Uilm-Uil, will be separated, without the signature of the Fiom. Social
alliances are sought to respond to the attempt to eliminate Fiom from
companies and a strategy that prevents counterproductive choices in
contractual struggles.
The situation becomes more complicated with the launch of the "Fabbrica
Italia" project by FCA and its exit from Confindustria, the first
specific contract for the Pomigliano d'Arco plant is signed on 15 June 2010.
It is the beginning of a structural change in production methods, team
projects, quality certification, Kanban setting, operational synergies
between different production units come forward, to arrive at the Wcm
and Ergo-Uas method that evaluates every single movement and the
workload possibilities according to mathematical tables and defines the
exact work and rest times of the assembly line workers. The assembly
line is shortened, the processes along the line are eliminated,
communication between workers is increased, stocks are kept to a
minimum, quality control is carried out directly in the assembly phase
by trained teams or directly by workers, who become conductors of a
flexible and quality system.
The increase in the employment of self-employed workers in industry,
allowed by these production systems, has profound consequences, it
undermines the bond of belonging derived from the working-class
tradition and also leads to the disintegration of local economic
communities.
The referendums for the approval of the Fabbrica Italia Pomigliano
Agreement, on 22 June 2010, force the Fiom-Cgil to seek a union and
legal strategy to be able to carry out union activity even without
signing agreements with the company management.
Furthermore, in August 2011 the Government passes Legislative Decree no.
138/2011, with which article 8 modifies the subject of collective
bargaining, will then be converted into law no. 148/2011 which opens a
trade union and judicial dispute on the subsequent Fiat company
agreements that Fiom will be the only one to support.
The first level Specific Collective Labor Agreement, FCA, will be signed
on December 13, 2011, and the Memorandum of Understanding on the
Specific Discipline for the Auto Sector on December 22, 2011.
Another agreement that tends to redesign trade union relations are the
"Programmatic Guidelines for the Growth of Productivity and
Competitiveness in Italy", signed on November 21, 2012 by the
Government, all employers' organizations and the Cisl, Uil and Ugl
unions. In fact, a wage freeze implemented with new worsening indexation
indices.
In response to this situation, the Fiom-Cgil National Assembly of Cervia
(RA), on 10 and 11 January 2013, voted on the Metalworkers' Charter of
Claims. It contains an action plan to support contract renewal,
democracy and work. The separate contract of 5 December 2012 is
contested, which is considered binding only for the signatories but
without erga-omnes validity, as it violates the rules of the
Interconfederal Agreement on representation of 28 June 2011 and for Fiom
members and workers not registered with any union it conflicts with the
ultra-activity rule of the National Contract of 20 January 2008. A
campaign of claims is launched in companies in the sector to restore
union agility (also through new membership) wage integration, as the
cancellation of the point value of the separate contracts of 2009 and
2012 has not guaranteed purchasing power with a further drop in wages,
the right to negotiate working hours by the RSU and the right to payment
for the first three days of sick leave.
Based on article 28 of the Workers' Statute, in court Fiom obtains a
positive ruling from the Constitutional Court, no. 213 of 23 July 2013.
According to this ruling, which integrates art. 19 of the Statute, the
company union representation can also be constituted by those who do not
sign the contract, but have participated in the negotiations and have
the consent of the workers.
An important goal will be achieved such as the agreement for the renewal
of the Ccnl with Unionmeccanica-Confapi of 29 July 2013. The sole
signatory Fiom obtains confirmation of the role of the RSU in terms of
working hours, does not indicate derogations on the increases in minimum
wages and full economic treatment of the first three days of illness.
The transformations of the political framework do not change the trend
towards a profound revision of trade union rights. The delegation law of
10 December 2014, which takes up the decree law number 34 of 20 March
2014 and is implemented with legislative decrees voted in 2015, defines
new worsening provisions on the discipline of the illegitimate dismissal
of workers, employees and managers hired on a permanent basis,
abolishing the protections provided for by article 18 of law 300/70
(Statute of Workers' Rights) and laws 604/66 and 223/93. The Jobs Act
favors companies, effectively canceling reinstatement in the case of
illegitimate dismissal, even collective, and substantially modifies the
rules that governed compensation and conciliation.
The social and political framework is also articulated again at an
economic level, favoring the unitary renewal of the CCNL on November 26,
2016, signed by all the organizations involved in the negotiations.
On December 4, 2016, the Constitutional Referendum is voted on the
project to revise bicameralism, the reduction of parliamentarians, the
suppression of the Cnel and the revision of Title V of Part II of the
Constitution. The victory of the No helps to stabilize trade union and
social relations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: AA.VV. Grosso guaio a Mirafiori. Lavoro, industria e
democrazia nel nemico Fiat-Fiom, supplement to "il Manifesto", January
21, 2011, Rome; AA.VV. As long as there is struggle there is hope. Civil
society with the workers of Fiom, February 11, 2012, in "MicroMega",
bimonthly magazine, n.1, 2012, Rome; Giorgio Airaudo, The Solitude of
Workers, Einaudi, Turin, 2012; Giulio Marcon, The Union in a Changing
Italy, Edizioni e/o, Rome, 2024.
[Roberto Manfredini, October 20, 2024]
http://alternativalibertaria.fdca.it/wpAL/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Il-Cantiere-30-novembre-2024.pdf
_________________________________________
A - I N F O S N E W S S E R V I C E
By, For, and About Anarchists
Send news reports to A-infos-en mailing list
A-infos-en@ainfos.ca
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