WORLD WORLDWIDE EUROPE ITALY - news journal UPDATE - (en) Italy, Umanita Nova #28-25 - Keep Cool. Climate Crisis Notebook (ca, de, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]

 The State of the Climate in Europe Report produced by the Copernicus

Climate Change Service (C3S), a service implemented by ECMWF (European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) on behalf of the European
Commission, in collaboration with the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO), provides a detailed analysis of climate trends in Europe and
highlights key findings for each year. As a first reference period, we
begin with a summary for 2023.

Europe under focus: In 2023, Europe experienced some of the most extreme
weather events on record, with extremely high temperatures, devastating
fires, and widespread flooding.

Glaciers: Although Europe experienced approximately 7% more rainfall
than average, the Alps experienced exceptional glacier ice loss, linked
to lower-than-average winter snow accumulation and significant summer
melt. Glaciers across the continent have suffered significant loss in
volume and area, particularly in the Alps.

Since 1976, 850 km3 of glaciers have been lost in Europe, but between
2022 and 2023, Alpine glaciers will have lost approximately 10% of their
volume.

Floods: One-third of European rivers exceeded the flood threshold. Storm
Minerva hit Italy, particularly Emilia-Romagna, between May 15 and 17,
2023, with heavy rains causing rivers to overflow and flooding.

In August 2023, Slovenia experienced very heavy rainfall. A full month's
worth of precipitation was measured in just 24 hours, causing widespread
flooding that affected almost every area of the country, affecting 183
of the 212 municipalities. This event was considered the worst natural
disaster in Slovenia's history.

Hurricane Daniel was a Mediterranean tropical cyclone (medicane) that
struck the Balkan Peninsula and several countries in the Mediterranean
Sea between September 4 and 12, 2023, affecting Bulgaria, Greece, Egypt,
Israel, Libya, and Turkey.

Meteorologists classified the storm as the worst storm ever recorded in
Greece since records began in 1930. In one day, the village of Zagora
received 1,092 millimeters of rain, 55 times the country's average
rainfall for the same month.

In August 2023, Norway and parts of Sweden were hit by Storm Hans, which
caused widespread flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage due to
heavy and prolonged rainfall. Norway faced the most severe crisis, with
the evacuation of thousands of people, the partial collapse of a dam,
and disruption of transportation.

Increase in CO2: 2023 set another record, with rising greenhouse gas
emissions. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration reached 420
ppm, an overall increase of 51% compared to pre-industrial levels (base
year 1750), when it was approximately 278 ppm (in 2004, it was just over
370 ppm).

Temperature: 2023 was the second warmest year on record in Europe, with
temperatures 1.02-1.12°C above average.

The three warmest years on record in Europe have all occurred since 2020.

Temperatures in Europe were above average for 11 months of the year, and
September was the warmest on record.

This year saw a record number of days of "extreme heat stress" (extreme
heat stress occurs when the body is unable to maintain its internal
temperature in response to very high ambient temperatures and manifests
itself with symptoms such as fatigue, headache, nausea, and dizziness,
up to more serious conditions such as heatstroke, which can be fatal).

Seas and oceans: The average sea surface temperature (SST) for the ocean
was the warmest on record, 0.55°C above average. Parts of the
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean reached the warmest annual
surface temperature ever recorded (remember, when referring to average
values, it is always important to consider that temperatures may have
reached much higher peaks or lower values at the local level).

Wildfires: For much of the year, Europe as a whole experienced a
higher-than-average fire risk. Since the beginning of the year, the
overall area burned has been above average.

This summer, large-scale fires broke out in Portugal, Spain, Italy, and
especially in Greece, which recorded the largest forest fire ever
recorded in Europe, with approximately 96,000 hectares affected.

The 2023 forest fire season saw the fourth largest burned area ever
recorded in the European Union, totaling approximately 500,000 hectares.

Matafel

https://umanitanova.org/stiamo-freschi-taccuino-della-crisi-climatica/
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